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Fast retransmit for TCP means that after you get 3 duplicate ACKs or 4 ACKs total, you retransmit a the packet and do FastStart again. This is seen in traces by a packet being resent before a timeout occurs (or an absense of a timeout marker). This eliminates about 50% of the corse grain timeouts and gives a 20% increase in efficiency. You will still see corse grain time outs, but there will exists a retransmit without a timeout.

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