Diff for "LispNotes"

Differences between revisions 5 and 6

Term	Definition	Example
Atoms	Like types: the fundamental items formed from bits	27, 3.14, This-Phrase
Lists	Sentence like objects containing atoms or other lists.	'(this that the other thing)
Symbolic expressions / or [s-]expressions	Atoms and lists collectively are called expressions.
setf	(setf [<name> <list>]*) is an assignment of <list> to <name>	(setf friends '(Dan Randy) enemies '(Satan))
Data Types	See Figure 1
FIRST	(FIRST LIST) returns the first expression in the list	(FIRST (A B C)) --> A
REST	(REST LIST) returns the expression after the first element of the list as a list	(REST (A B C)) --> (B C)
QUOTE	'(I J) will return a list with the elements I and J without trying to interpret I as a function	'(A B C) --> (A B C)
CARs CDRs	CAR == first, CDR == rest. Add a's or d's to string them to gether CADR == first rest	(CADR '(A B C)) --> B
True and False	T and NIL
CONS	(CONS <exp> <list>) --> LIST == (exp list[1] ... list[n]) that is the contents of the list	(CONS 'a '(b c)) --> (a b c)
APPEND	(APPEND list list*) --> (content contents1 ... contentsn)	(append '(a b c) '(a e f)) --> (a b c a e f)
LIST	(LIST <exp>*) --> (exp1 ... expn)	(LIST 'a 'b 'c) --> (a b c)
NTHCDR	(NTHCDR <number> <list>) trims off the first <number> items from the list and returns the rest	(NTHCDR 2 '(a b c)) --> (c)
BUTLAST	(BUTLAST <number> <list>) trims off the last <number> itmes from the list and returns the rest	(BUTLAST 2 '(a b c)) --> (a)
LAST	(LAST <list>) --> (last-element) as a list	(LAST '(a b c)) --> (c)
LENGTH	(LENGTH <list>) --> number of items in the list	(LENGTH '(a b c)) --> 3
REVERSE	(REVERSE <list>) --> reverses the order of the list	(REVERSE '(a b c)) --> (c b a)
Association list / a-list	A list of sublists where the first element in each sublist is used as a key for recovering the entire list.	(setf Patti '((height 5-10) (weight 124))) where height and weight are the keys
ASSOC	Is a way to access a-lists (ASSOC <key> <a-list>)	(ASSOC 'weight Patti) --> 124
FLOAT	Forces a float result (FLOAT <exp>) --> float-value	(float (/ 22 7)) --> 3.14286 vs. (/ 22 7) --> 22/7 which is a ratio
ROUND	(ROUND <exp>) --> int remainder	(round (/ 22 7)) --> 3 1/7
MAX	(MAX <list>) --> max element in list	(max '(1 2 3)) --> 3
MIN	(MIN <list>) --> min element in list	similar
EXPT	Stand for exponent (expt number1 number2) --> number1^number2	(expt 2 3) --> 8

                               |Integer
                               |
                     |Number---|Ratio 
                     |         |
                     |         |Floating Point
             |Atom---|
             |       |
Expressions -|       |Symbol
             |
             |LIST

Figure 1

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+|| Association list / a-list |||| A list of sublists where the first element in each sublist is used as a key for recovering the entire list. |||| (setf Patti '((height 5-10) (weight 124))) where height and weight are the keys ||
|| ASSOC |||| Is a way to access a-lists (ASSOC <key> <a-list>) |||| (ASSOC 'weight Patti) --> 124 ||
|| FLOAT |||| Forces a float result (FLOAT <exp>) --> float-value |||| (float (/ 22 7)) --> 3.14286 vs. (/ 22 7) --> 22/7 which is a ratio ||
|| ROUND |||| (ROUND <exp>) --> int remainder |||| (round (/ 22 7)) --> 3 1/7 ||
|| MAX |||| (MAX <list>) --> max element in list |||| (max '(1 2 3)) --> 3 ||
|| MIN |||| (MIN <list>) --> min element in list |||| similar ||
|| EXPT |||| Stand for exponent (expt number1 number2) --> number1^number2 |||| (expt 2 3) --> 8 ||
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-                     |Number
                     |
+                               |Integer
                               |
                     |Number---|Ratio 
                     |         |
                     |         |Floating Point